House

ABSTRACT

In a house having a standard two-story building height, an inner living space is provided, which gives a feeling of spaciousness and openness. A house includes: a first floor; a second floor; a higher second floor as a skip floor positioned substantially a half story higher than the second floor and being led from the second floor; and a gable roof provided above these floors. The higher second floor is provided along a gable end wall of the gable roof on at least one side to spread across a full width of the gable end wall. An upper area of the higher second floor is integrated with an attic space under the gable roof.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a house (or a part of a house) that has a gable roof as at least a part of a roof thereof and that at least two-stories of living spaces under the gable roof.

BACKGROUND ART

Generally in small and medium-sized two-story buildings, every room has the same floor height and ceiling height (i.e. story height) for each story due to its structure. However, in the case where a house or the like is constructed in urban areas, it has sometimes a skip floor whose floor surface is shifted by a half story so as to ensure the living space and the storage space as large as possible while the site area is not so large. When the skip floor is adopted, it is possible to effectively use the limited indoor space by arranging spatially a living room and an underfloor storage space having a half story height.

A loft, which is provided using an attic space under the sloping roof, is also well known. The loft has a small ceiling height and is used as a storage room or a hobby room. The above technical ideas are disclosed, for example, in Patent Documents 1 to 3 below.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS Patent Documents

-   [Patent Document 1] JP H07-054402 A -   [Patent Document 2] JP H07-062900 A -   [Patent Document 3] JP 2002-364189 A

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problem to Be Solved by the Invention

When constructing a building, the area and the height of the building that can be constructed in a site of a district are defined by the Building Standards Act depending on use districts designated by the City Planning Act. Especially in the category 1 or 2 low-rise exclusive residential districts among the above use districts, the height and the setback of the building are strictly restricted in order to maintain a good living environment. As a result, construction freedom is highly limited regarding the layout of the building and/or the shape of the roof.

Under the above-described site conditions, it is difficult to ensure a sufficient ceiling height of each story when the skip floor disclosed in the above patent documents is desired to be adopted. Thus, it is difficult to obtain indoor comfort. Also, even when a loft is provided in the attic space, the use of this loft may be limited due to a cramped space having a low ceiling.

Furthermore, in order to make the heights of respective parts of the building meet the setback regulation, a part of the roof may have an unnatural shape that affects the balance of the appearance, which may prevent harmonization with the townscape.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, an object of which is to provide a space configuration of a house that is constructed in a site under a strict regulation for the height and setback of the buildings. With this space configuration, the inner living space gives a feeling of spaciousness and openness and furthermore a storage space is secured, while the house appears to be a height-reduced and compact two-story building.

Means for Solving the Problem

In order to achieve the above object, a house of the present invention includes: a first floor; a second floor provided so as to overlap with a part of an upper area of the first floor, the second floor being led from the first floor via stairs; a higher second floor provided so as to overlap with a remaining part of the upper area of the first floor, the higher second floor being a skip floor substantially a half story higher than the second floor and led from the second floor; and a gable roof provided above the second floor and the higher second floor. The higher second floor is provided along a gable end wall of the gable roof on at least one side so as to spread across a full width of the gable end wall. An upper area of the higher second floor is integrated with an attic space under the gable roof, and a ceiling of the upper area is a sloping ceiling along a slope of the gable roof.

With the configuration as described above, it is possible to provide spaces full of openness with the ceiling height higher than usual in a vertically stacking manner as the first floor and the second floor along the gable end wall on one side while reducing the height of the entire house to the standard two-story building height. Furthermore, since the high ceiling spaces are connected to other rooms in a skipped manner, the inside of the entire house can give a feeling of spaciousness in the vertical direction.

More specifically, in the above configuration, a floor surface of the higher second floor may be positioned 1.0 to 1.5 meters higher than a floor surface of the second floor. The ceiling height of the first floor below the second floor may be 2.1 to 2.7 meters while the ceiling height of the first floor below the higher second floor may be 3.1 to 4.2 meters. The eaves height of the gable roof may be 6.0 to 6.7 meters and the height of a ridge may be 10.0 meters or less.

With the configuration as described above, when the house is constructed in a site under a strict regulation for the height and setback of the buildings, it is possible to provide, in a vertically stacking manner, the high ceiling spaces having the ceiling heights 1.3 to 1.5 times higher than those of standard rooms while the house has a well-balanced appearance including the respective shapes of the roof and wall surfaces.

Furthermore, the house of the present invention may be provided with, in the gable end wall above the higher second floor, a window with an opening area that continues from the vicinity of the floor surface of the higher second floor to the height of a gable. By providing the tall window as described above in the gable end wall, the high ceiling space of the higher second floor can serve as a further bright space with open feeling.

In addition to the above, the house may be provided with, in the gable end wall positioned between the floor surface of the second floor and the floor surface of the higher second floor, a window having the same width as that of the window provided above the higher second floor.

Also in the house of the present invention, the upper area of the higher second floor may be a beamless space where a lower chord member of a gable roof truss does not extend across the upper area of the higher second floor. With this configuration, the space of the higher second floor can provide further habitability and comfortability.

In order to realize the above beamless space, the house of the present invention may further include a ridge supporting post that is erected on the floor plane of the higher second floor so as to directly support the ridge of the gable roof. With this ridge supporting post, it is possible to stably support the building frame having a pentagonal shape in front view even when the lower chord member of the roof truss is omitted.

Effect of the Invention

In the house of the present invention, by adopting the space configuration combining the skip floors having the heights of the floor surfaces each shifted by substantially a half story in the ridge direction with the sloping ceiling along the slope of the gable roof, it is possible to provide a house having high ceiling spaces vertically stacked as two stories along the gable end wall on one side while having, as the house itself, the standard two-story building height. These high ceiling spaces serve as bright rooms full of openness, which have the ceiling heights 1.3 to 1.5 times higher than those of standard rooms. Furthermore, since the high ceiling spaces are connected to other rooms in a skipped manner, the inside of the entire house can give a feeling of spaciousness in the vertical direction.

Also, in the house where family members of different generations live together in accordance with their respective lifestyles, various shapes/heights of the ceilings are desired for the rooms according to room use and/or room size. For example, the high ceiling is generally preferred for the living room. The sloping ceiling is also popular for the children’s room and the hobby room, and the relatively low ceiling is accepted for the storage room. The house of the present invention has a space configuration combining the sloping ceiling with the floor surfaces each shifted by a half story, which leads to variation in the height and the shape of the ceilings of respective floors. Accordingly, it is possible to realize attractive and varied living spaces by the rational layout of the respective rooms according to the above space configuration.

Also, by adopting the above-described space configuration, it is possible to ensure a sufficient area of living space while maintaining the well-balanced appearance of the building without unnaturally distorting the shapes of the roof and wall surfaces even on the site under a strict regulation for the height and setback of the buildings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a layout and a first floor plan view of a house according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a second floor plan view of the house.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a higher second floor and an attic space floor of the house.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the house in the ridge direction.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the house in the beam direction.

FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the house viewed from a frontal road.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically illustrating the layout of floors of the house.

FIG. 8 are explanatory diagrams each schematically illustrating a support structure of a triangular roof truss frame.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a post and beam construction of the house.

FIG. 10 is an elevational view schematically illustrating a wall structure of a gable end wall.

MEANS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 10 show a house 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The exemplarily shown house 1 is assumed to be constructed on a substantially flat site having the site area of about 140 to 200 square meters located in the category 1 or 2 low-rise exclusive residential districts in urban areas or suburban areas. In FIG. 1 , the right side of the site faces the frontal road R, and the remaining three sides of the site abut the neighboring site.

The house 1 is constructed by, for example, a wooden framework method so as to have a height equal to or less than the standard two-story building height. FIGS. 1 to 3 show planar configurations of respective stories. FIGS. 4 to 7 show configurations of respective parts of the building in the height direction.

The house 1 has a gable roof 12 that slopes away from one ridge 11 toward both sides. The slope of the gable roof 12 is, for example, so-called “6-sun slope” in Japanese, which means that the rise over run of the slope is 6/10. A part of the roof on one side (on the right side in FIG. 6 ) is extended slightly lower than the standard height of the eaves of the second floor.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the planar shape of a main body of the building is a substantially L-shape. The ridge 11 is disposed in a direction orthogonally intersecting with the frontal road R. A gable end wall 13 having a smaller width faces the frontal road R. The width of the gable end wall 13 on the side of the frontal road R is about 6 meters while a gable end wall 14 including the extended roof part on the opposite side is about 8 meters. The elevational view in FIG. 6 shows the outer appearance of the gable end wall 13 having the smaller width viewed from the frontal road R.

Floor surfaces of the first floor (1F) have substantially the same level (provided at about 0.5 meter height from the ground level of the site). The first floor includes: an entrance hall 101; a living room 102; a dining room 103; a kitchen 104; a Japanese-style room 105; a bath 106; a utility room 107; a toilet 108; and a cabinet 109. The living room 102 is located facing the gable end wall 13 on the side of the frontal road R. The living room 102 is formed so as to be spatially integrated with the dining room 103 and the kitchen 104. Stairs 110 that lead to the second floor (2F) are disposed between the Japanese-style room 105 and the toilet 108.

The floor surface of the second floor is located so as to overlap with a part of an upper area of the first floor. The floor surface of the second floor is positioned about 3.0 meters higher than the floor surface of the first floor. The ceiling height of the first floor right below the second floor is about 2.5 meters. The second floor includes: a stair hall 201; a Western-style room 202 to be used as a master bed room; a walk-in closet 203; a study corner 204; and a toilet 205. The upper part of the living room 102 of the first floor is a void 206. Also, a second floor storage room 207 is provided above the entrance hall 101 of the first floor.

The second floor leads to a higher second floor (H2F) positioned higher than the second floor by about a half story via a short flight of stairs 208. The floor surface of the higher second floor, which corresponds to substantially the second and half floor, is provided so as to spread across the full width of the gable end wall 13 on the side of the frontal road R so as to cover the void 206 above the living room 102 and the second floor storage room 207. The floor surface of the higher second floor is positioned about 1.3 meters higher than the floor surface of the second floor. The ceiling height of the first floor right below the higher second floor is about 3.8 meters.

The ceiling height of the second floor storage room 207 provided where the floor surface of the higher second floor is overlapped with the floor surface of the second floor is about 1.0 meter. The storage room provided using the underfloor part of the skip floor as described above is not included in the floor area in principle if the storage room meets the following conditions: the ceiling height thereof is not more than 1.4 meters; and the horizontal projected area thereof is less than ½ of the corresponding floor area (second floor) and furthermore less than ½ of the respective floor areas of the right below story (first floor) and the right above story (higher second floor). (This principle might differ from community to community).

The higher second floor includes: a stair hall 301; a Western-style room 302; and cabinets 303 and 304. The Western-style room 302 is provided so as to spread across the full width of the gable end wall 13 including a right below part of the ridge 11. The Western-style room 302 is used, for example, as a children’s room. The ceiling of the Western-style room 302 and the cabinets 303 and 304 is a sloping ceiling having a boat bottom shape along the slope of the gable roof 12 (so-called “Ogami-ceiling (having a shape of hands when they are put together for praying)” or “Yakata-ceiling (having a Japanese residence shape)” in Japanese), which is integrated with the attic space under the gable roof 12. The height of the ceiling is about 1.6 meters in the vicinity of the both end parts of the gable end wall 13, and is about 3.3 meters right below the ridge 11. The center part of the Western-style room 302 has the high ceiling height. Thus, when the Western-style room 302 is used as a children’s room, it is possible to divide the Western-style room 302 by placing, for example, a bunk bed on the center part according to the growth of the children.

The higher second floor further leads to the attic space floor (LF) via a short flight of stairs 305 disposed substantially right below the ridge 11. The floor surface of the attic space floor is positioned about 1.5 meters higher than the floor surface of the higher second floor. The ceiling height of the second floor right below the attic space floor is about 2.5 meters. On the attic space floor, an attic storage space 401 is provided. The attic storage space 401, whose center part is right below the ridge 11, has a width of about 3.0 meters. The ceiling of the attic storage space 401 is also a sloping ceiling along the slope of the gable roof 12. The height of the ceiling is about 0.9 meter at both sides in the sloping direction of the roof, and is about 1.8 meters right below the ridge 11.

As to the heights of the respective parts of the building from the ground level in FIG. 5 , the height of the floor surface of the first floor (1F) is about 0.5 meter, the height of the floor surface of the second floor (2F) is about 3.5 meters, the height of the floor surface of the higher second floor (H2F) is about 4.8 meters, the eaves height (i.e. the height to the upper face of a pole plate 15 that supports the roof truss) is about 6.5 meters, and the height to the ridge 11 as the topmost part is about 8.3 meters.

FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of the floor surfaces of the respective stories of the house 1. In this way, by adopting the space configuration combining the skip floors having the heights of the floor surfaces each shifted by a half story in the direction of the ridge 11 with the sloping ceiling along the slope of the gable roof 12, it is possible to provide a house having high ceiling spaces vertically stacked as two stories along the gable end wall 13 (i.e. the living room 102 of the first floor and the Western-style room 302 of the higher second floor) while having, as the house itself, the standard two-story building height. These high ceiling spaces serve as rooms full of openness, which have the ceiling heights 1.3 to 1.5 times higher than those of the rooms provided in the standard two-story buildings. Furthermore, since the high ceiling spaces are connected to other rooms in a skipped manner, the inside of the entire house can give a feeling of spaciousness in the vertical direction.

When the roof truss frame having a triangle cross-section is placed on the wooden frame skeleton, a lower chord member 91 (also called as a “roof beam”, a “flat beam” or a “tie beam”) is generally laid as the base of the triangle so as to prevent both ends of the triangle from opening, as schematically shown in FIG. 8(a). Struts 92 and 93 are erected on the lower chord member 91 so as to support a ridge pole 94 placed on the vertex of the triangle and sloping beams 95 placed on the inclined sides of the triangle. However, adoption of this structure results in the lower chord member 91 being provided across the ceiling part as a space right below the roof truss.

Taking into account the above problem, a configuration in which the ridge pole 94 is directly supported by a ridge supporting post 97 is applied to the house 1 so that the space of the higher second floor further provides a sense of openness, as shown in FIG. 8(b). More specifically, the ridge supporting post 97 is erected on a floor plane 96 that supports the floor surface of the higher second floor. Since the vertical load (compressive load and tensile load) that acts on the roof is borne by the ridge supporting post 97, the planar structure constituting the pentagon is stably maintained. As a result, the lower chord member 91 of the triangle is allowed to be omitted.

In the house 1 according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 , ridge supporting posts 17 are arranged, one at the middle part of the gable end wall 13 and the other at a position about 3 meters away from the middle part along the ridge 11. A floor plane 33 of the higher second floor (H2F) on which the ridge supporting posts 17 are erected is provided so as to superimpose on a floor plane 32 of the second floor (2F), and a floor beam 24 surrounding the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor is integrally connected to a floor beam 25 surrounding the floor plane of the second floor via short posts 18 and reinforcing surface plates (not shown). In this way, a load-bearing wall 36 is formed between the higher second floor and the second floor. By adopting the double floor structure as described above, it is possible to realize a beamless space in the upper area of the higher second floor, where no lower chord member of the roof truss extends across the ceiling space.

The floor plane of the attic space floor (LF) located substantially a half story higher than the higher second floor is supported by roof beams 16 that are provided at the height of the lower chord member of the roof truss (see FIG. 9 ).

Furthermore, in the exemplarily shown house 1, a vertically long window 51 that reaches the gable height is provided in the gable end wall 13 so as to ensure good daylighting and ventilation in the space on the higher second floor. Here, the “gable height” means at least a position higher than the line horizontally connecting the pole plates 15 (i.e. the base of the triangle of the roof truss; see FIG. 5 ). As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 , the windows 51 are assembled between the ridge supporting post 17 that is erected right below the ridge 11 on the gable end wall 13 and gable end side sub-pillars 19 that are erected on both sides of the ridge supporting post 17 respectively at positions 1 meter away from the ridge supporting post 17. Similarly to the ridge supporting post 17, the gable end side sub-pillars 19 are also supported by the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor, and the upper ends of the gable end side sub-pillars 19 are respectively connected to the sloping beam 21 on the upper part of the gable end wall 13 such that each gable end side sub-pillar 19 is a continued pillar. In this configuration, since the lower chord member does not extend across the base of the roof truss, the windows 51 are made so as to continue in the vertical direction without their middle parts being divided by the roof beam or other structural materials. By providing the tall window as described above in the center of the gable end wall 13, a remarkably bright space with open feeling is realized inside the gable end wall 13. When the window 51 can be opened and closed, the ventilation is also sufficient. Note that even when the opening surface of the window 51 is divided into a plurality of parts by frames and the like to glass the window 51, it does not damage the continuity of the window 51 as a whole.

Furthermore, to the parts of the gable end wall 13 other than the window 51 (more specifically, to the wall surfaces with about 2 meter width, each of which is sandwiched between the gable end side sub-pillar 19 and a corner post 23 erected on one of both corners of the gable end wall 13), appropriate short beams 22 are attached, and also reinforcing surface plates such as structural plywood are provided in a tense state. Thus, the window 51 is sandwiched between load-bearing walls 35 formed on the left and right side thereof. Therefore, the in-plane rigidity of the gable end wall 13 is improved, and accordingly the building frame including the gable roof 12, which has a pentagon shape in front view, is further reinforced.

The above-described window 51 of the gable end wall 13 can be extended downward to reach the vicinity of the floor surface of the second floor. That is, when the load-bearing wall 36 provided between the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor and the floor plane 32 of the second floor is arranged so as to have the same width as the part above the higher second floor, it is possible to provide a window 52 between the higher second floor and the second floor. The window 52 has a smaller height than, and the same width as, the window 51. With the window 52, the living room 102 of the first floor further gives a feeling of openness. Although the window 52 is structurally separated from the window 51 above the higher second floor by the floor beam 24 supporting the floor plane 33 of the higher second floor, the outer appearance can give a neat impression that the windows are vertically integrated with the same width.

Thus, by combining the tall window 51 that is provided in the center of the gable end wall 13 with the space configuration using the above-described skip floor, it is possible to form multi-layered wind paths W that pass through the inside of the house in the direction of the ridge 11 as shown in FIG. 4 , which leads to the entire indoor space of the house with good ventilation. Also, it is possible to introduce sunlight S into the far side of the house 1 from the window 51 provided in the upper part of the gable end wall 13. In this way, it is possible to realize a bright and open living space that makes people feel comfortable and blessed with nature while the house is constructed on a relatively small site in urban areas.

It should be understood that the foregoing embodiment is described as one example, and it is possible to change and modify the planar shape and floor plan of each floor without departing from the scope of the present invention. Regarding the heights of the respective parts of the floors, it is also possible to increase/decrease them by several tens of centimeters based on the above-described respective heights as the standards to the extent that the actual habitability is not affected (the precise calculations of the heights of the respective parts of the building should meet, in principle, the provisions of the Building Standards Act).

Also, the present invention is applied to a part corresponding to a second floor of a house having, as at least a part thereof, the part corresponding to the second floor including a gable roof. Thus, the present invention does not particularly limit the structure and the space configuration of any parts of the building other than the part to which the present invention is applied. Furthermore, the present invention can also be applied to a house including the part corresponding to the second floor having a sloping roof with both sloped roof surfaces similar to the gable roof, for example, a gambrel roof (mansard roof) and a semicircular-shaped arched roof (vault roof).

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 House 11 Ridge 110 Stairs 12 Gable roof 13 Gable end wall 15 Pole plate 17 Ridge supporting post 19 Gable end side sub-pillar 23 Corner post 24 Floor beam 32 Floor plane of second floor 33 Floor plane of higher second floor 51 Window 52 Window 

1. A house comprising: a first floor; a second floor provided so as to overlap with a part of an upper area of the first floor, the second floor being led from the first floor via stairs; a higher second floor provided so as to overlap with a remaining part of the upper area of the first floor, the higher second floor being a skip floor substantially a half story higher than the second floor and led from the second floor; and a gable roof provided above the second floor and the higher second floor, wherein the higher second floor is provided along a gable end wall of the gable roof on at least one side so as to spread across a full width of the gable end wall, and an upper area of the higher second floor is integrated with an attic space under the gable roof, and a ceiling of the upper area of the higher second floor is a sloping ceiling along a slope of the gable roof.
 2. The house according to claim 1, wherein a floor surface of the higher second floor is positioned 1.0 to 1.5 meters higher than a floor surface of the second floor, a ceiling height of the first floor below the second floor is 2.1 to 2.7 meters while the ceiling height of the first floor below the higher second floor is 3.1 to 4.2 meters, and an eaves height of the gable roof is 6.0 to 6.7 meters and a height of a ridge is 10.0 meters or less.
 3. The house according to claim 1, wherein a window with an opening area from a vicinity of a floor surface of the higher second floor to a height of a gable is provided in the gable end wall above the higher second floor.
 4. The house according to claim 3, wherein a window having a same width as that of the window provided above the higher second floor is provided in the gable end wall positioned between a floor surface of the second floor and the floor surface of the higher second floor.
 5. The house according to claim 1, wherein the upper area of the higher second floor is a beamless space where a lower chord member of a gable roof truss does not extend across the upper area of the higher second floor.
 6. The house according to claim 5, wherein a ridge supporting post is erected on a floor plane of the higher second floor so as to directly support a ridge of the gable roof. 